What is a standard resistor with a resistance value of 0.1 ohms commonly referred to as?

A standard resistor with a resistance value of 0.1 ohms is commonly referred to as a shunt. In electrical measurements, a shunt is a low-resistance component that is used to measure current. By placing this resistor in parallel with a measuring device, it allows a portion of the current to pass through it while maintaining the overall circuit's operation. This current can then be used to calculate the total current flowing in the circuit, based on the voltage drop across the shunt.

The other options represent different components with distinct functionalities. A capacitor is used to store electrical energy temporarily, an inductor produces a magnetic field when current flows through it and resists changes in current, and a transformer is designed to transfer electrical energy between two or more circuits through electromagnetic induction. None of these components serve the specific purpose that a shunt does in current measurement applications.